4/7/2023 0 Comments Working memory digit span![]() ![]() For example, cognitive and clinical psychologists typically define WM similarly, but use different methods to assess WM function. The prominence of the WM construct has resulted in the use of different measurement techniques that often vary substantially in their methodology. Additionally, the importance of the construct has been noted across areas of psychology, as researchers in clinical psychology have evaluated the relationship of WM to deficits in schizophrenia ( Barch, 2003) and depression ( Harvey et al., 2004), social psychologists have assessed the role of WM in stereotype threat ( Bonnot & Croizet, 2007), and neuropsychologists have assessed WM ability as a way to identify the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease ( Rosen, Bergeson, Putnam, Harwell, & Sunderland, 2002). WM has been heavily investigated by researchers, and has been shown to play a key role in complex behaviors such as reading comprehension ( Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), the acquisition of language ( Baddeley, Gathercole, & Papagno, 1998), and fluid abilities ( Salthouse & Pink, 2008 Gray, Chabris, & Braver, 2003). The strong relationship between WM and complex cognition underscores the key importance of this construct in many aspects of human behavior. Working memory (WM) was recently defined as “a temporary storage system under attentional control that underpins our capacity for complex thought” ( Baddeley, 2007, p. The results revealed that the lab measures, along with the LNS task, were the best predictors of fluid abilities. ![]() Additionally, a latent variable approach was taken using fluid intelligence as a criterion construct to further discriminate between the WM tests. Factor analyses revealed that a factor comprising scores from the three lab WM measures and the clinical subtest, Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS), provided the best measurement of WM. ![]() Performance on all of the WM subtests of the clinical batteries shared positive correlations with the lab measures however, the Arithmetic and Spatial Span subtests shared lower correlations than the other WM tests. A large sample of undergraduates completed three laboratory-based WM measures (operation span, listening span, and n-back), as well as the WM subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. The present study examined the relationship between WM measures used in the laboratory and those used in applied settings. Working memory deficits associated with schizophrenia appear to be generalized and not limited to the spatial modality.The working memory (WM) construct is conceptualized similarly across domains of psychology, yet the methods used to measure WM function vary widely. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the forward and backward digit span tasks tap different cognitive abilities that are differentially associated with the diathesis for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients showed impairment on both the forward and backward digit span tasks. RESULTS: The nonpsychotic relatives showed no impairment on the forward digit span task, a measure of general attention, but did show impairment on the backward digit span task, a measure of verbal working memory. METHOD: The Wechsler Digit Span Task was used to investigate verbal working memory in 52 schizophrenia patients, 56 of their first-degree relatives, and 73 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. Few studies have evaluated verbal working memory in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, who likely share the genetic diathesis for schizophrenia but not the potential confounds associated with chronic mental illness. OBJECTIVE: The evidence for verbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia has been inconsistent. ![]()
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